by Graham Summers,
Phoenix Capital Research
The following is an excerpt from my latest client letter
explaining why Spain is such a big deal and why when it defaults it’s
game over for the
EU.
I’ve received a number of emails asking me why Spain is such a big
deal for the global banking system. To fully understand the
implications of Spain, you first need to understand how the global
financial system works “behind the scenes.”
We’ll start first with the
US
financial system, particularly the Primary Dealers which are the
real controllers of the monetary supply (via lending).
If you’re unfamiliar with the Primary Dealers, these are the 18 banks at the top of the
US private banking system. They’re in charge of handling
US Treasury Debt auctions and as such they have unprecedented access to
US debt both in terms of pricing and monetary control.
The Primary Dealers are:
1. Bank of America
?????2. Barclays Capital Inc.
3.
BNP Paribas Securities Corp.
4. Cantor Fitzgerald
& Co.
5. Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
6. Credit Suisse Securities (
USA)
LLC
7. Daiwa Securities America Inc.
8. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
9. Goldman, Sachs
& Co.
10.
HSBC Securities (
USA) Inc.
11. J. P. Morgan Securities Inc.
12. Jefferies
& Company Inc.
13. Mizuho Securities
USA Inc.
14. Morgan Stanley
& Co. Incorporated
15. Nomura Securities International Inc.
16.
RBC Capital Markets
17.
RBS Securities Inc.
18.
UBS Securities
LLC.
These are the firms that buy
US Treasuries
during debt auctions. Once the Treasury debt is acquired by the
Primary Dealer, it’s parked on their balance sheet as an asset. The
Primary Dealer can then leverage up that asset and also fractionally
lend on it, i.e. create more debt and issue more loans, mortgages,
corporate bonds, or what have you.
Put another way, Treasuries, or
US
sovereign bonds, are not only the primary asset on the large banks’
balance sheets, they are in fact the asset against which these banks
lend/ extend additional debt into the monetary system.
(more)