To summarize the process, there is a deposit of oil sands in the Athabasca region of Canada. This material is mainly minerals, but on average is 11% hydrocarbon, which is comparable to the level found at a lot of the solid waste landfills in the nation.
There are two processes for extracting this stuff: strip mining, which involves removing several meters of overburden material, and extracting the sands using enormous cranes and trucks. The resultant material is then heated with water into a slurry, as much of the hydrocarbons are extracted as possible, and then the material is cracked into a crude-oil-like substance which can be used as the feedstock in a more or less normal refinery. (more)
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